Forest ecosystem services in Romania: Orchestrating regulatory and voluntary planning documents

• In Romania, the provision of multiple forest ecosystem services is regulated since decades. De jure , mandatory management planning uses a functionally-integrated approach. Natura 2000 adopts general precautionary approach, at expenses owners. The certification participatory approaches in identification high conservation values. regulatory approach needs adaptations meant to reduce gap between de and facto. Romania has traditionally dealt with (FES) using process designing plans (FMPs). We set an analytical framework assess integrated FMPs, biodiversity network, system. results show that, despite some relevant additional inputs, delivery FES remains strongly related normative FMP process. specific presence protected species habitats community interest been identified on 18% area included analysis. are largely conveyed elusive terms reference, so adding opportunity administrative costs supported by used resulted cultural, regulating habitat 1.6% analysed area. Considering discrepancies facto implementation, we discuss need for adapting governance making use e.g. bottom-up approaches, monitoring indicators effectiveness measures, valuation techniques that would make beneficiaries civil society consider FES.